Chinese supercomputer ranks second worldwide

14:10, June 01, 2010

With a theoretical peak performance of nearly 3 petaflops, China's Nebulae supercomputer took the No. 2 spot on the 35th edition of the list of top 500 supercomputers in the world.

The Nebulae, built from a Dawning TC3600 Blade system with Intel X5650 processors and NVidia Tesla C2050 GPUs. Nebulae is currently the fastest system worldwide in terms of theoretical peak performance and using the LINPACK benchmark, it has been shown to perform at 1.3 petaflops

The newest version of the Top 500 list, which is issued twice yearly, will be formally presented on Monday, June 31, at the International Supercomputer Conference to be held in Hamburg, Germany.

Jaguar, which is located at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, held on to the No. 1 spot with its record 1.75 petaflops performance speed using the LINPACK benchmark. Jaguar has a theoretical peak capability of 2.3 petaflops and nearly a quarter of a million cores. One petaflop refers to one quadrillion calculations per second.

Nebulae, which is located at the newly-built National Supercomputing Centre in Shenzhen, China, achieved its position in part due to its NVidia GPU accelerators. Nebulae reported the highest ever theoretical peak capability in the history of the list.

Roadrunner at Los Alamos, which became the first ever petaflop system in June 2008, dropped to No. 3 with a performance of 1.04 petaflops.

At No. 5 is the most powerful system in Europe: an IBM BlueGene/P supercomputer located at the Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) in Germany. It achieved 825.5 teraflops on the Linpack benchmark.

Tianhe-1, meaning "River in the Sky,"installed at the National Super Computer Center in Tianjin, China, ranked at No. 7.

Tianhe-1 and Nebulae are both hybrid designs with Intel Xeon processors and AMD or NVidia GPUs used as accelerators. Each node of Tianhe-1 consists of two AMD GPUs attached to two Intel Xeon processors.

The performance of Nebulae and Tianhe-1 were enough to catapult China into the No.2 spot of installed performance, with 9.2 percent, ahead of various European countries, but still clearly behind the United States, with 55.4 percent.

By People's Daily Online

Chinese Supercomputer Is Ranked World’s Second-Fastest, Challenging U.S. Dominance

By JOHN MARKOFF

Published: May 31, 2010

Editors' Note Appended

SAN FRANCISCO — A Chinese supercomputer has been ranked as the world’s second-fastest machine, surpassing European and Japanese systems and underscoring China’s aggressive commitment to science and technology.

The Dawning Nebulae, based at the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, China, has achieved a sustained computing speed of 1.27 petaflops — the equivalent of one thousand trillion mathematical operations a second — in the latest semiannual ranking of the world’s fastest 500 computers.

The newest ranking was made public on Monday at the International Supercomputer Conference in Hamburg, Germany. Supercomputers are used for scientific and engineering problems as diverse as climate simulation and automotive design.

The Chinese machine is actually now ranked as the world’s fastest in terms of theoretical peak performance, but that is considered a less significant measure than the actual computing speed achieved on a standardized computing test.

The world’s fastest computer remains the Cray Jaguar supercomputer, based at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. Last November it was measured at 1.75 petaflops.

In the previous year’s ranking, the Chinese had the fifth-fastest computer, a system that was based at a National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, China. That machine has now dropped to seventh place.

The United States continues to be the dominant maker of supercomputers, and is the nation with the most machines in the top 500. The United States has 282 of the world’s fastest 500 computers on the new list, an increase from 277 when the rankings were compiled in November.

But China appears intent on challenging American dominance. There had been some expectation that China would make an effort to complete a system based on Chinese-designed components in time for the June ranking. The Nebulae is based on chips from Intel and Nvidia.

The new system, which is based on a microprocessor that has been designed and manufactured in China, is now expected later this year. A number of supercomputing industry scientists and engineers said that it was possible that the new machine would claim the title of world’s fastest.

“I wouldn’t be surprised if by the end of this year they surpass the scientific computing power of the E.U. countries combined and have a computer system with an achieved performance to reach the No. 1 position on the top 500,” said Jack Dongarra, a computer scientist at the University of Tennessee and one of the researchers who has organized the twice-yearly rankings.

Americans designed the first machines that were defined as supercomputers during the 1960s, and the United States has rarely been dislodged from its controlling position as technology leader. In 2002, however, the Japanese government’s Earth Simulator set off anxiety in Washington when that system briefly claimed the top position.

The United States then began investing heavily in the computing systems, breaking the petaflop barrier in 2008.

It is now preparing to begin a sustained push to build systems capable of computing at what is known as exascale performance — one thousand times faster than today’s fastest systems. The goal is to realize that technological achievement between 2018 and 2020.

Editors' Note: May 31, 2010

An earlier version of this story misstated the nature of the work performed by the Cray Jaguar supercomputer based at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. It is used for unclassified research.